However, learners at all levels face challenges, including the overuse and misapplication of markers, which can be attributed to the absence of direct equivalents in their first languages.
— ❐ Corpus-Based Qualitative Analysis of Pragmatic Marker Acquisition in Second Language Learners
pragmatic markers
Frequent modern English pragmatic markers can be identified in the expressions well, I mean, you know, sort of, really, you see, so